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BEST AVAILABLE COP PATENTED OUT. 3, 1905.

' E. s. BUGKNAM.

GAR. APPLICATION rmm n20. 1'1, 1904 6 SHEETB-BHEBT 1.

BEST AVAILABLE COP E. s. BUGKNAM.

GAR.

APPLIUATION IILBD 1330.17, n04

'"IIII'IIIIIIII 1 PATENTED OCT. 8, 1905 5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. 800,71 EST AVAILABLE 69 E. s. BUGKN'AM.

GAR.-

APPLIOATION FILED DEC. 17, 1904 5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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i {4 alike anew \f? a PATENTED OCT. 3, 1905.

BEST AVAILABLE COP No. 800,717. PATENTED OCT. 3, 1905.

I E. s. BUGKNAM.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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I BEST AVAlLABLE COP PATENTED OCT. 3, 1905.

B.v s. BXIGKNAM.

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APPLICATION FILED DBO. 17, 1904 5 SH EBT8BEEET 5.

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2 m of 3 QMAW BEST AVAILABLE coP UNITED STATES PATENT orrron.

EZRA S. BUCKNAM, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AS SIGNOR TO JOHN A.BRILL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 3, 1905.

Application filed December 17, 1904. Serial No. 237,243.

T at whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EZRA S. BUCKNAM, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of the city and county of Philadelphia and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Cars, ofwhich the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to improve cars, and more particularlythosewith large windows, such as are commonly used in street traffic.The windows of such structures now in common use have lugs or trunnionsprotruding from the ed es of the sashes into grooves of a curved anirregular nature,which grooves determine the movement of the sashes. Acar with windows of this nature was patented jointly by John A. Brilland myself, the United States patent being numbered 709,073, and it isobvious that there are many other kinds of cars to which the foregoingapplies with equal force, asit has been the fixed and invariablepractice for a number of years to guide strai ht sashes in curved andirre ular glrooves y means of trunnions or pint es in t e edges of thesashes.

By my improvement I do away with all trunnions and grooves andsubstitute a pc- 3 culiar sash construction which slides on certainguide-rails, which are su1tablyfixed,so

that the sashes are suspended below.

It is obvious that this im rovement may be used on other structures t ancars, so that I do not regard it as limited thereto, but as beincommensurate with all structures to which it is applicable.

For a more particular description of improvement reference is to be hadto the ac-' comp anyingdrawings, forming a part hereof, in which- Figure1 is a sectional view showing a section of a side of a car provided withmy improvement. Fig. 2 is a detailed view showing aportion of the sashesdetached from the frame. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the upper portionshown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of thestructures of the upper sash and roof. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of aportion of a post and ad acent sashes. Fig. 6 is a sectional viewshowing a stop secured to an upper sash and a portion of a uide-rail.Fig. 7 is a pers ective v1ew of a ower-sash lock and a smal portion ofthe sash. Figs. 8 and 9 are perspective views of the upper and lowersashes, respectively,

of each window. Figs. 10 and 11 show the top catch-plate, Fig. 11 beingtaken on the line 11 11 of Fig. 10 looking in the direction of thearrows. Figs. 12, 13, and 14 show intermediate catch-plates, Fig. 13being taken on the line 13 13 of Fig. 12. Fig. 15 shows wed e-plates,one adapted to be secured to a window-frame, the other to a lower sash.Fig. 16 shows a portion of a post and parts of adjacent sashes. Figs. 17and 18 are sec tional views taken on the lines 17 17 and 18 18,respectively, of Fig. 16. Fig. 19 is a perspective view of a portion ofan upper sash. Fig. 20 is a perspective view of a camwedge secured. in aportion of the windowframe.

Throughout the various views of the drawings similar referencecharacters designate similar parts.

While my improvement is applicable to a wide range of structures, it ismore particu larly adapted to cars with large windows, and thereforethis construction 18 described, without, however, any prejudice to thescope of the claims, which should be construed as applicable to a windowin any form of struc ture where the sashes are stored in an inclinedposition.

The window" herein illustrated comprises the frame having the sill 1,posts 2, letterboard 3, and the sashes 4 and 5. When the window isopened, the sashes 4 and 5 are stored between the roof 6 and ceilin orThe posts 2 extend from the car-sills 8 to the roo tional manner. Thelower ortion of the space between the posts 2 is c osed by a fixed aneland the extreme upper portion by the etter-board 3; as shown in Fig. 1,the lower sash 5 rests on the sill 1 between the posts 2, and its edgesare held between the outer guide-strip 9 and the inner uide-strip 10,and the sash 5 is locked in p ace by any suitable sash-lock 11, thepreferred form being shown.

A The sashes 4 and 5 are pressed together by means of wedges 12 and 13,which are placed slightly below where these sashes overlap, the wedge 12being fixed to the strip 10 and the wedge 13 being fixed to sash 5.These 6, which is supported in the conven-- When the window is closed,

wedges 12 and 13 cause the sashes to en age with a weather-tight joint.When in the owest position, the sash 4 rests on cams 14 with stops 15,the lower ends of the sash 4 being recessed at 16, so as to fit thesecams 14, as shown in Figs. 8 and 19. The function of the cam 14 willappear below.

Each of the sashes 4 and 5 are what are known as metal sashes that is,the top and bottom of each sash are made of wood; the sides are made ofangle metal, preferably brass, filled with wood, as appears in Figs. 17and 18, as well as elsewhere. The metal strip 17 of the lower sash 5 isbent inwardly at 18 to form a groove in which slides a guide-flange 19,which is fixed to each edge of the frame of the sash 4. This guidefiange19 is fixed to the metallic part 20 of the sides of the sash 4 and theflan es 19 on opposite edges of a sash are parallel to each other, butnot quite parallel to the plane of the sashthat is, the upper end of theflange 19 is more remote from the part 20 than is the lower end, so thatas the sash 5 is raised its upper end is guided away from and out ofcontact with the sash 4, and when lowered the sashes are brought closetogether until they finally engage where'they overlap with aWeather-tight joint. The movement of the upper portion of the sash 5 isdetermined by the flanges 19 and grooves 18 and the lower portion b thestrips 9 and 10.

Secur to the upper ed es of each upper sash are stops 21, arrange inpairs on each sash. These steps 21 each have a shoulder 22, againstwhich the upper edge of the sash 5 im inges when raised sufficiently,and this shou der 22 is connected to the sash by parallel uprights 23,which uprights are united by a web 24, having a dowel-pin 25 and screws26. Extending from the web 24 and riveted thereto is the s rin 27, theupper end of which is recesse an provided with an antifriction-roller28, which turns on a pin 29. The uprights 23 are further united by meansof a pin 30, on which is a second antifriction-roller 3.1. A guide-rod32 is fixed to the letter-board 3 and extends upwardly in a directionsubstantially parallel to the roof of the car to a point close to theusual monitor top or decking of the car or top of the car if suchdecking is not provided. While the rail 32: may be given any suitableform, it is preferably substantially rectangular in cross-sec tion, asshown in Fig. 4,. and the lower end is so shaped that the sash 4 isforced snug against the letter-board 3 when the window is closed, andthe upper end of the rail 32 is preferably bent, so as to be securedbetween the head-lining Z and top rail 33, as shown in F' 3. The stops21 surround the free guiderai 32 and act as han ers to support and guidethe upper ends 0 the sashes 4 and 5 when raised.

To the top rail 34 of the sash 5 are secured the sash 5 is in its lowestposition.

BEST AVAILABLE COP stops 35, each of which has ,a projecting tongue 36,which is adapted to extend over and rest on the lower rail 37 of thesash 4. These tongues 36 enable the sash 5 to posi tively control thedownward movement of the sash 4 should such positive control benecessary.

In order to enable the window to be conveniently opened'any desiredamount, the posts 2 on each face next the sashes are provided withsuitablylocatcd sockets 38, 39, and 40, which are sunk to be flush withthese surfaces of the posts 2 and are located as follows: The sockets 38are placed n ext the cam and stops 14, the socket 339 is slightly abovethis, as shown in Fig. 1, and the socket 40 is at the upward limit ofthe movement of the sash-lock 11, the bolt 4]. of which is adapted toenter any of the above-mentioned sockets 38, 39, and 40, as desired, aswell as a socket of the conventional form (not shown) when Forconvenience the upper walls of these sockets are inclined, so that thebolt 41 will be drawn gradually to its proper seat should the sash 5 beraised too high.

From the fore oing the operation of my improvement will be readilyunderstood. When the sash 5 is raised after releasing the bolt 41 of thesash-fastener 11, the lower end of the sash is guided between the strips9 and 10 and the upper end by the guideflanges 19, which engage thewalls of the grooves 18, as above described. This continues until thestop 35 on the top rail 34 engages with the stop 22, and then if themovement be continued the sashes 4 and 5 move together as a unit, andtheir united upper ends are guided by the stops 21, sliding on the rails32, the antifriction-rollers preventing abrasion or undue friction, andthe sprin ton ue 27 permits the distance between t e ro lers 28 and 31to vary to accommodate itself to the different angles made between theaxles of the stop 21 and the rail 32. After the catches 11 pass thewedge 12 the lower end of the sash 5 no longer rests firmly between thestrips 9 and 10, because the distance between these strips is increasedto permit these sashes 4 and 5 to become inclined, so as to rest betweenthe head-linin 7 and roof 6. The bolt 41' may be placed 1n any of thesockets 38, 39, or 40, as desired, depending upon the amount the windowis to be opened. If in the socket 40, the sashes will occu y theposition indicated in Fig. 3 by dotted ines. The windows are loweredfrom this position by releasing the bolt 41. If the lower edge of'thesash 5 slides against the strip 9 on this downward movement, thecam-wedge will cause it to move over into its proper place in the groovebetween the strips 9 and 10, so that it is impossible for the sash 5 tobe stopped by the stop 15, and this downward movement of BEST AVAILABLECOP iis sash is had without hindrance. These rsults are obtained withoutpintles or pinc-grooves, so that a more simple and effilent arrangementis effected by my invenon. While I have shown and describedne embodimentthereof, it is obvious that iany others may be made that employ itsssential features, so that it should not be :garded as limited to thisdisclosure, but as road enough to cover all structures that nne withinthe scope of the annexed claims.

Having thus described my invention, what claim is- 1. In a device of theclass described, staniions, and a roof, free guide-rails supportednmediately under said roof and adjacent iereto, a sash below said railand means for ispending said sash from said rails.

2. In a device of the class described, a winow provided withthe usualframe, a free uide-rail secured above said. window and ithin the car,and a sash suspended from rid rail.

3. In a device of the class described, a winow-fram e, a free guide-railsecured adjacent iereto, a sash and a stop fixed to said sash ndprovided with antifrietion-rollers that igage said rail.

4. In a device of the class described, a winow-frame, a guide-railsecured adjacent iereto, a .sash and a stop fixed to said sash ndantifriction-rollers secured to said stop rid adapted to bear againstsaid rail, one of id rollers being spring-mounted.

5. In a device of the class described, a winow-frame, a free guide-railadjacent therei, a plurality of sashes with means for conecting themtogether so that one may slide .ilatively to the other or others andmeans vr hanging one of said sashes from said rail.

6. In a'device of the class described, a winow-frame, a guide-railadjacent thereto, a lurality of sashes with means for connecting .iemtogether so that one may slide relavely to the other or others and astop seired to one sash and slidably mounted on rid rail.

7. In a device of the class described, a winowframe, a guide-railadjacent thereto, a lurality of sashes with means for connecting iemtogether so that one may slide relavely to the other or others, a stopsecured to ac sash and slidably mounted on said rail 1d wed es with 006erating surfaces, one of bid we ges secure to said sash and the zher tosaid frame whereby the sashes are reed together to form a tight jointbeveen them.

8. In a device of the class described, a winaw-frame, a uide-railadjacent thereto, a lurality of sas es with means for connecting remtogether so that one may slide relavely to the other, a stop secured toone sash 1d slidably mounted on said rail and means on said frame andone sash for forcing saido 5 sashes together to make a tight oint.

9. In a device of the class described, a wiridow-frame, a guide-rail adacent thereto, a

plurality of sashes with means for connectim them together, a stopsecured to one sash anc slidably mounted on said rail, and a camwedgefixed 1n said frame and adapted to shift one sash into its proper placewhen it is lowered and not to interfere with the other sash.

10. In a device of the class described,a

window-frame, a guide-rail adjacent thereto, a plurality of sashes withmeans for connecting them together, a stop on one sash which is slidablymounted on said rail, a cam-wedge adapted to control the movement of thelower edge of one sash and a fastener-receivhaving a sliding movementdetermined by said flanges.

12. In a device of the class described,- a window-frame, a sash adaptedto slide therein, means for determining the movement of said sash,guide-flanges fixed to said sash, a

second sash whose movement is determined by said flanges and grooves 111said second sash lnto which said flanges protrude.

13. In a device of the class described, a window-frame, a sash mountedto slide in said frame, said sash being provided with parallelguide-flanges which run at a slight angle to the plane of the face ofthe sash, a second sash and means in the edges of said 14. In a deviceof the class described, a window-frame, a sash mounted to slide therein,parallel flanged guides at'each edge of said sash, said guide running ata slight angle to the plane of the sash, a second sash adapted to engagesaid guides and slide be tween them, and wedges on said frame and secondsash for causing the sashes to engage second sash to engage saidguide-flanges with a tight oint when the window is closed.

15. In a device of the class described, a window-frame, a sash mountedto slide therein, arallel and flanged guides at each side of sai sash,said guides running at an angle to the face of the sash, a second sashwhose movement is determined by said guides, and a stop on said secondsash for limiting its movement in one direction with regard to the firstsash.

Signed this th day of December, 1904.

EZRA S. BUOKNAM. Witnesses:

TERRENCE MeCUsKER, WM. J. FERDINAND.

device of the class described, a

